SPSHolic's Blog

http://reefbuilders.com/2010/01/07/pygm ··· hting%2F

Pygmy angelfish of the genus Centropyge can change color and appearance dramatically from juvenile to adulthood. Like most marine fish, their adult coloration can also change quite a bit depending on their captive aquarium environment. In the past when aquarium fish food and nutrition was relatively poor and little understood, many Centropyge and other marine fish would fade and become less colorful with age and duration in captivity. Now that the marine aquarist has access to a wide range of quality feeds, fading of reef fish colors is much less of an issue but with more Centropyge growing old in brightly lit reef tanks, Pygmy Angelfish owners are witnessing that many Centropyge can become much darker under high intensity reef aquarium lighting. The video above shows an average male Centropyge potteri which is a resident of a 1500 gallon reef tank that was installed and is maintained by AquaticArt Inc. of  Denver Colorado. After less than a year living in this aquarium that is lit with multiple 1000 watt metal halide lamps, this fish has quickly developed a much darker coloration than we have ever seen for a potter’s angelfish. By contrast another C. potteri living in a very dimly lit 900 gallon fish aquarium also maintained by AquaticArt has a much paler coloration than a typical fresh-caught potter’s angelfish. Kyoshi Endo’s great book Angelfishes of the World also documents the darkening of A Centropyge multicolor: before and after images of a specimen clearly demonstrates the development of a yellowish tan dorsal body color where the body used to be white after this fish was kept in a brightly lit reef aquarium. This image of a multicolor angelfish on Vivid Aquarium’s website shows a specimen which is clearly way darker than a wild specimen would be, probably from living in a brightly lit, shallow water reef tank. The darkening of Centropyge Pygmy Angelfish may not apply to all species but there is a strong record of certain species changing color due to intense lighting conditions.

spsholic Reef Article

Cone Skimmers

In late 2008 we saw the emergence of different types of cone skimmers, however in 2009 we saw them become even more popular. Although there has been much debate over the first company that has brought the cone skimmer to the reef aquarium market we’ve seen a bevy of cone skimmers from different companies. It’s so popular in fact that numerous Chinese companies have now started to produce cone skimmers and whats more is that the craze is going gang busters in other places besides the United States. Places like the UK and Europe along with Asia. However, not all companies are interested in producing cone skimmers. For example, Deltec which gave the cone skimmer craze the middle finger and instead focused on increasing efficiency with their custom line of pumps, but keeping the design in the same basic format, a vertical cylinder.
-->2008년 후반에 여러 종류의 콘스키머가 나타났지만 2009년에 더욱 인기가 있었습니다. 비록 어떤 스키머가 원조인가에 대해서도 논란이 있긴 했지만 여러 회사에서 다양한 스키머들이 출시되었습니다. 인기가 있었던 탓에 많은 중국회사들이 콘스키머를 출시하기 시작하였고 미국뿐 아니라 영국,유럽 아시아등 다른 나라에서도 많은 인기를 누렸습니다. 그러나 모든 회사가 콘스키머 생산에 관심을 가진 것은 아닙니다. 예를 들어 델텍과 같은 회사는 기존 포맷을 유지하면서 자사 라인의 스키머 펌프 효율을 높이는데 주력을 하였습니다.

Rimless Aquariums

To date Europe has been kicking the North American audience rear-end with a great selection of rimless aquariums. However, other countries have finally started to catch on. For example, we are seeing new types of rimless aquariums from mainstream companies like Perfecto, Fluval, and other smaller custom companies. Rimless aquariums just look better and manufactures have finally started to realize the growing market that demands rimless aquariums. It’s taken them entirely too long, but they’re getting their act together. Finally.
-->북미쪽 리퍼들의 테가 없는 탱크에 대한 관심은 대단했으며 이를통해 다른 나라에서도 큰 인기를 얻었습니다. Perfecto,fluval과 같은 큰 회사부터  다른 작은 수조제작 회사들까지 여러 타입의 무테수조가 제작이 되었습니다. 디자인이 좋고 깔끔한 무테로 된 탱크의 특징상 rimless tank의 시장이 커지게 되었습니다.

Increased Efficiency with pumps and lighting

Cone skimmers are great, but what we are seeing more of is getting increased efficiency. This applies to all areas of the industry but specifically to pumps and lighting. Instead of looking of how big a skimmer is, hobbyists and amateurs are looking at the wattage and air draw of skimmer pumps. The norm used to be in the 400-600 lph range but now we are seeing huge increases past the 1,000 mark as manufactures use computer aided models to estimate air flow rates as they experiment with different volute pairings, bearings, and what not.
-->콘스키머는 보기좋기도 하지만 효율을 증가시키기도 합니다.  이런 효율에 관한 관심은 특히 펌프나 조명  분야에 적용이 되었습니다. 얼마나 스키머가 큰가 보다 사람들은 스키머 펌프의 용량이나 공기 흡입량등에 더 많은 관심을 보였습니다. 일반적으로 시간당 400~600리터 범위안에 있지만 제조사들이 컴퓨터등에 도움을 받아 1000lph이상의 결과물을 보여주기도 하였습니다.

Lighting is getting a great efficiency boost with LED, more and more options are being made available and whats more is that LEDs themselves are getting more efficient. Metal Halides, while still popular with older reef hobbyists, will eventually go the way of the do-do bird if electricity utilities keep increasing prices for kwH. For example, here in Chicago I paid $0.22 per KwH and now its over $0.34. That might seem small but in large amounts it multiplies greatly, coupled with the weak economy Metal Haildes are becoming less popular. And more and more reef addicts are looking at T5s and LEDs. They might not be switching right away, but they’re looking which speaks volumes of how their opinions have changed.   Plus there are more options on the market then a year ago. That’s great news for us.
--> 조명의 경우도 LED등을 통해 효율을 꾀하고 있으며 특히나 LED자체의 효율을 증가시키려는 노력이 많이 나타났습니다. 메탈등은 여전히 인기가 있긴 하지만 전기세등으로 인해 결국에는 사용하지 않게 될 겁니다. 예를 들어 시키고에 살고 있는 필자는 킬로와트당 0.22달러를 냈었지만 지금은 0.34달러 이상을 내고 있습니다. 적은 양같아 보이지만 총 전기값은 만만치 않습니다. 이로 인해 메탈등은 점점 인기를 잃어가고 있는 실정입니다. 그리고 점점 많은 사람들이 T5혹은 LED를 살펴보고 있습니다. 이들이 바로 이런 등으로 교체하지는 않겠지만 많은 의견들이 변화하고 있는 것을 알 수 있습니다

Being Green

Several years ago, here in the Untied States it was cool to own a gas guzzler like a Hummer H2, or a Cadillac Escalade. However, with the economic change frugality is now the new “cool”, gone is the fad for large SUVs for couples or single persons to own, you’ll still see them but most are for families with kids when a larger SUV just makes sense. The Toyota Prius or other hybirds are insanely popular along with diesels that deliver over 40 MPG. This same change has affected the industry too. For example, as we all become more aware of the plight of the words oceans, aquacultured corals and tank raised livestock is increasingly popular. Not only are we more interested in tank raised corals and fish, but we’re asking questions of where and how wild caught livestock are caught and then transported. Sure, some don’t care or are to naive to know a difference but the vast majority of you do care, more then ever.
-->몇년전에 미국에서는 Hummer H2나 캐딜락 에스컬레이드와 같이 기름 소비가 많은 차들을 가지는 것을 좋아했습니다. 하지만 요즘에는 아이들이 있는 가족들이 아닌 이상 이런 큰 SUV는 잘 타지 않으며 다양한 하이브리드 차량이 나오고 있습니다.이처럼 환경에 대한 관심이 여러 산업분양에 영향을 미치고 있는 상황입니다.   산호와 고기를 키우는 것에 대한 관심뿐 아니라 우리는 어디에서,어떻게 생물들이 포획되고 있으며 운송되고 있는지에 대해서도 관심을 가져야 합니다.

Accountability & Media

Frag chop shops have disappeared greatly this year, partly due to the economy and the negative stigma that has been published with media outlets like this website. This brings up another point. Accountability. With prior years past, most companies and individuals weren’t accountable for their actions they could do as they please with out any hard repercussions. That’s not true any longer. The media (thats us) has now made companies and individuals responsible for their actions.   You know about illegal Rhizotrochus, orbitec owning a very important patent, and the Fluval G filters being a overpriced paper weight. Accountability is great especially in a smaller industry such as this and something that companies are just now stating to get used to.
-->Frag을 불법적으로 판매하는 상점들이 이번년에 많이 사라졌습니다. 경제적인 문제도 있겠지만 웹사이트와 같은 미디어를 통해 많은 안좋은 인식들이 알려졌기 대문입니다. 이사실은 "책임"이라는 문제를 생각해 보게 됩니다. 과거에 많은 회사나 개인들이 자신의 행동에 책임을 지지 않았지만 더이상은 그렇지 않습니다. Reefbuilder와 같은 다양한 미디어는 이런 개인이나 회사들이 그들의 행동에 책임을 질 수 있도록 하고 있습니다. 우리는 Rhizotrochus산호의 채집과 수입이 불법이라는 것을 알고 있으며(http://reefbuilders.com/2009/09/01/all- ··· orted%2F)
orbitec이 많은 중요한 특허를 가지고 있다는 것을 알고 있으며(orbitec은 LED특허를 가지고 있는 회사이며 PFO가 LED 조명을 내놓았다가 특허분쟁에 휘말렸었습니다http://reefbuilders.com/2009/02/03/big-trouble-brewing-future-aquarium-leds/) Flubal G가 과도한 가격정책을 가져갔다는 것을 알고 있습니다.
(http://reefbuilders.com/2009/11/09/fluv ··· arket%2F)
책임이란 것은 이런 작은 산업에서 매우 중요한 것입니다.

spsholic Reef Article

spsholic Reef Article

With that out of the way, the point is that when Spring tides occur in many areas, the tops of the reef can be left completely exposed. To survive, the corals (stony and soft) produce a protective coating of mucus in order to stay wet. All of them retract their polyps during this time, and soft corals shrink down and slump over. By the way, giant clams (tridacnids) are also left exposed at times, and can obviously survive some time out of water, too. We're not testing them, though (yet?).

I've seen almost no sponges living in spots where they could become exposed. There have been a few, but these must have some special adaptation that allows them to do so. Likewise, I don't recall seeing many sea fans/gorgonians out of water. I don't know why these wouldn't be able to tolerate exposure when so many of their cousins can, but it seems that they can't as best as I can tell.

spsholic Reef Article Advanced Aquarist

Packs of 6, 12, 30 bulbs.
http://www.prodibio.fr/anglais/reefbooster.htm REEF BOOSTER is a complete nutrient supplement containing all the essentials for the development of invertebrates which basically or partially feed on micro-plankton including corals in which symbiotic algae - Zooxanthelles - live and for which a micro-plankton booster is necessary. REEF BOOSTER contains very high concentrations of the polyunsaturated fatty acid groups which all marine organisms need. A few drops in the food of marine fish makes it more appetising - an effective solution when starting to feed difficult or recently imported fish. Contents : Phospholipide, Aminosäuren, meerestypische Fettsäuren, Vitamine, Carotenoide. Phospholipids, amino acids, omega-3 marine fatty acids, vitamins, carotenoids... We reserve the right to modify the REEF BOOSTER formulation to include the results of our on-going research programme. Instruction for use : One ampoule per 400 litres once a week. 1. Dilute the contents of an ampoule in a glass of water 2. Pour the preparation around the aquarium, stopping skimmer and filter 3. 15 mn later, restart the skimmer and filter. Warner Marine Aminos http://www.warnermarine.com/Product19-UltAmino.html ReefPure Ultimate Aminos Supplement ReefPure Ultimate Aminos Supplement provides essential Amino Acids for the growth of hard corals including SPS and LPS corals. Amino acids are used in the calcification process to build coral skeleton and are equally important as Calcium and Carbonates. In addition, Amino Acids serve as an energy source for corals and beneficial bacteria. ReefPure Ultimate Aminos Supplement is a comprehensive blend of essential Amino Acids as found in coral skeletons and includes proteins vital for calcification and tissue coloration. ReefPure Ultimate Aminos Supplement is a unique product that actually promotes growth beyond natural growth rates and promotes the maximum color intensity of the coral tissue. Contains: 5-Stage Reverse Osmosis/Deionized water and a proprietary blend of Amino Acids. Zeovit AAHC This product primarily aids growth as well as vitality. Our experiments have shown that corals can increase growth by up to 100%, even if placed in low light spots. Polyp extension is also maximized. We exclusively use amino acids that are available in the wild and can be utilized by the corals. We recommend dosing of 1 drop per 25 gallons daily. Over dosing is not a factor, as long as there is no problem with brown slime algae. It is possible that coral tissue darkening occurs if there is a continued overdosing. In that case, reduce the dosing amount to 1/3rd. You should not have a problem with this, if you follow the dosing instructions. However, if signs of excessive dosing occur, stop dosing for a few days until the slime build-up is gone. This supplement can also be used in tanks not using the ZEOvit® method.

http://www.korallen-zucht.de/en/shop/pr ··· ate.html Seachem Reef Plus AA http://www.seachem.com/products/product ··· lus.html Reef Plus™ is a full spectrum reef supplement containing trace elements, vitamins, and amino acids demonstrated to have a positive impact on the growth of corals and other desirable reef creatures. Reef Plus™ is formulated to provide nutrients available from natural tropical reef waters. Contains vitamin B12, vitamin C, thiamine, inositol, choline, iodide, and other essential constituents. Reef Plus™ is nitrate/phosphate free. Sizes: 100 mL, 250 mL, 500 mL, 2 L, 4 L, 20 L Why It's Different Other manufacturers’ vitamin supplements are incomplete, containing only vitamins and trace minerals. Reef Plus™ contains necessary amino acids in addition to a full complement of trace minerals and high amounts of vitamin C and B complex vitamins. It is so concentrated that it can be effectively used as a food soak for frozen fish foods. Directions Use 1 capful (5 mL) for each 80 L (20 gallons*) twice a week or as required to maintain coral growth. May also be used in food by mixing 1 mL in about 15 mL (1 tablespoon) of food. Refrigerate after opening. Guaranteed Analysis Amounts per 1 gram   Vitamins & Lipotropic Factors Ascorbic Acid (Vit C) 5.0 mg Thiamin (B1) 0.02 mg Riboflavin (B2) 0.02 mg Niacin (B3) 0.25 mg Pantothenate (B5) 0.07 mg Vitamin B12 0.9 µg Choline (B4) 0.004 mg Inositol 0.011 mg Arginine 0.16 mg Glutamate 0.9 mg Lysine 0.3 mg Tyrosine 0.19 mg Minerals Boron 0.096 mg Iodine 0.18 mg Iron 0.009 mg Copper 0.001 mg Zinc 0.005 mg Maganese 0.062 mg Bromide 0.3 mg Cobalt 0.004 mg Molybdenum 0.016 mg Vanadium 0.0003 mg Nickel 0.00035 mg Tin 0.00029 mg Rubidium 0.001 mg Ingredients: ascorbic acid, glutamate, niacin, arginine, lysine, tyrosine, pantothenate, riboflavin, thiamin, choline, inositol, Vitamin B12, potassium bromide, potassium iodide, boric acid, manganese sulfate, sodium molybdate, ferric chloride, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, cobalt sulfate, rubidium chloride, vanadium sulfate, nickel chloride, stannous chloride Brightwell Coral Aminos http://www.brightwellaquatics.com/   Overview Complex of free-form amino acids in the same ratios found within tissues of stony corals. Beneficial to all corals (stony and soft), as well as solitary and colonial polyps. Free-form amino acids: 1. Provide the building blocks of coral tissue in ideal ratios to encourage the formation of new tissue. 2. Encourage new tissue growth to repair damage incurred during fragmentation and propagation. 3. Encourage growth by budding and fission. 4. Encourage vibrant coloration. Formulated based upon data compiled by oceanographers researching coral tissue profiles. Does not require refrigeration. Formulated by a marine scientist. Technical Background Brightwell Aquatics CoralAmino is a complex that closely approximates ratios of amino acids present in many species of stony corals; the formulation is based upon extensive research conducted on tropical coral reefs by oceanographic researchers. While the ratios of amino acids present in coral tissue vary between species, general ratios are approximately maintained, enabling an effective average to be created that will benefit not only stony corals, but also soft corals, solitary, and colonial polyps (e.g. Xenia, Anthelia, Zoanthus, Discoma, Actinodiscus, etc.). The amino acids are present in their most elementary form (”free-form”) rather than being accounted for by their presence in a food or complex nutrient; in this fashion, they are readily available to corals and their allies. The main benefit of this quality is the ease in which corals can assimilate the amino acids into their tissue for the purpose of growth and tissue repair. Secondary benefits of some amino acids are their role in enhancing the coloration of corals. Corals maintained under optimal chemical and environmental conditions are able to reproduce (both sexually and asexually) more rapidly when the required nutrients are available. The presence of these free-form amino acids is particularly important to corals that have undergone, or will undergo, fragmenting or other means of propagation in which some amount of tissue is damaged. Instructions and Guidelines Shake product well before using. Turn protein skimmer and other forms of mechanical filtration off prior to adding CoralAmino to aquaria, and allow 10 - 15 minutes after use before resuming operation of filtration. Target Feeding (recommended): Pour 1 ml (~20 drops) into a small container and suck a portion into feeding device, then slowly discharge contents 2 - 4” upstream of target organism(s). Repeat these steps as deemed necessary. Do not place the glass dropper directly into aquarium water unless you plan to thoroughly rinse it (inside and outside) with fresh water before placing dropper back into bottle; failure to do so will contaminate the product and encourage it to decompose. Broadcast Feeding: Add up to 1 ml per 50 gallons of water in an area of rapid water movement daily for the first four weeks of use. Notes: Research indicates that amino acid uptake in corals takes place externally rather than internally; therefore, soaking foods in CoralAmino would be of little use. Rather, it is best utilized by target feeding specific corals and their allies; in doing so, the majority of the amino acids reach the intended organisms rather than ending up in filtration media or indirectly impacting water quality (as often occurs when indescriminately “broadcast feeding”). Add no more than 5 ml total of liquid food suspensions per 50 gallons of water in the entire aquarium system daily for the first four weeks of use; thereafter, the dosage may be gradually increased as desired. PolypLab RF-Acid http://www.polyplab.com/reefresh.html           Concentrated fusion of select amino acids      The role of amino acids becomes critical in a low nutrient environment. RF-Acids is blend of specific amino acids that our research has shown to improve coral growth and colouration. Those that inhibit coral growth have been excluded from this highly concentrated mixture.   Reference: 관련된 RC의 글을 링크해본다. http://www.reefcentral.com/forums/showt ··· D1605071

spsholic Reef Article Amino Acid

집에 있는 어항에 시아노가 생기기 시작했습니다. zeozym이 여기에 효과가 있다고 해서 구입을 할까 하다가 용준아빠님께서 한 번 써보라고 조금 나누어 주셨습니다. (감사합니다. 용준아빠님. 맨날 받기만 하네요)

zeozym에 대해서는 이 블로그에서도 조금 소개가 된 바 있습니다 매그넘리프의 용준아빠님의 글을 참고하시면 될 것 같습니다. http://magnumreef.com/zbxe/30138

우선 zeozym의 모습입니다. 산호사색에 가까운 가루인데요. 아래에 표시한데로 붉은색의 것이 있습니다. 이것은 뭔지 잘 모르겠습니다.  

시아노가 있다고 해서 2번의 사용법으로 진행을 하기로 했습니다.  400리터에 맞춰서 어항물을 놓고  ZZ+PCS+Bak을 투여하였습니다. 섞어보니 이런 색이 나는군요

 4시간이 지나니 용준아빠님 사진처럼 침전물이 생기게 됩니다. 투여를 하고 스키머를 새벽까지 꺼두었습니다. 단번에 해결되지는 않을 것 같고 2주동안 상태를 지켜볼 생각입니다. 어제 zeovit media를 교체하고 물갈이를 하였습니다. 물갈이는 2주마다 하고 새로 교체한 media로 인해 bak을 이틀에 한번씩 줘야 하므로 ZZ와의 사이클이 어느정도 맞을 것입니다

이건 지금 현재 내 어항의 시아노입니다. 수류방향을 바꾸다가 산호사를 건드렸더니 수질밸런스가 좀 깨진 것 같습니다.

결과를 기대해 봅니다.

이전에 간략하게 올렸던 zeozym소개 글입니다.
http://www.spsholic.com/entry/zevoit-new-product

이것은 zeovit에 있는 ZZ관련 글이고요..
http://www.zeovit.com/forums/showthread.php?t=14701

spsholic Reef Article cyano, zeozym, ZZ

올바른 등에 올바른 안정기를 선택하라.!!

우리나라에서 가장 많이 쓰는 것은 아마 두영안정기와 타르식 안정기라고 하는 마그네틱 안정기일 것입니다. 타르식이라는 것은 마그네틱을 감싸고 있는 몰타르를 일컫는 것이 아닌가 하고요...그런데 문제는 이 안정기에 radium도 달고 다양한 전구를 달고 있다는 것인데요. 사실 큰 문제가 되진 않습니다. 어쨌든 불은 켜지니까요. 하지만 경험상 색이 많이 다르다는 것을 알 수 있습니다. 그런데 실제로는 수명에도 문제가 있을 수 있습니다.

RC에 여러 전문가들이 있지만 PaulErik아이디를 가지고 있는 사람의 글을 인용하면서 진행하고자 합니다. 미국에서는 각 안정기의 타입에 따라 ANSI에서 정한 번호가 있습니다. 안정기는 크게 점화방식에 따라서 Probe start와 Pulse Start로 나뉘게 됩니다. 프로브식은 점화전용 전극이 전구안에 있는 등 타입이고 펄스식은 점화전용 전극이 없는 전구로, 안정기에서 점화를 시켜줌니다 사진으로 표현하자면 이렇게 됩니다.

Another difference is the starting method. The standard ballast ANSI M58 uses a peaked open circuit voltage. Only self-starting (probe start) lamps are designed for this (like the XM lamps). It only provides 600 volts or less. A probe start lamp has an additional auxiliary electrode connected to a starting circuit (bi-metal switch and current limiting resistor) within the lamp. When the lamp is first powered a discharge is created between the auxiliary electrode and closest main electrode. The small electrode distance allows the lamp to light reliably at a low voltage. Once the initial discharge is reacted the main discharge between the two main electrodes occurs.

ANSI를 간단히 정리하자면 이렇게 되겠습니다.

HQI is a trademark of OSRAM, and stands for a specific brand of lamps made by OSRAM. The aquarium industry has been quite loose with this term and has applied it to any European metal halide lamp and now, even more loosely, to any DE lamp. European MH lamps do not directly conform to the ANSI standard and have different operating current and voltage requirements. In most cases, a direct match may not exist with U.S. ballasts, so the aquarium industry has tried to find ballasts that work with those lamps, and have labeled these as HQI ballasts. For example, the M80 and M81 ballasts are called “HQI ballasts” in the aquarium industry, for 150-watt and 250-watt lamp applications, respectively.
From http://www.reefkeeping.com/issues/2007-03/sj/index.php

HQI ballasts will operate any lamp but is only recommended for European and Double-Ended (DE) lamps. This ballast provides higher lamp current which will overdrive standard type (probe start) Single-Ended (SE) lamps (operate lamp past wattage rating). This will shorten lamp life

spsholic Reef Article HQI, Radium 250W

백화현상 [白化現象]

바닷물 속에 고체 상태로 석출되어 떠다니는 탄산칼슘이 입사광의 산란으로 인해 우유를 뿌려놓은 것처럼 흰색으로 보이게 되는 현상을 말한다. 이 용출현상은 바닷물 속에 바로 석출되어 나타나기도 하고, 해양생물의 표면이나 해저 바위 등에 붙어 결정화되기도 한다.

고체 상태의 탄산칼슘은 바닷물 속을 오래 떠다니다가 서서히 침전해 해저생물이나 해저의 바닥, 해저 바위에 달라붙게 되는데, 이 경우 눈이 내린 것처럼 온통 흰색으로 보이게 된다. 이 현상이 발생하는 원인에 대해서는 아직 정확히 밝혀진 것은 없고, 다만 바닷물 속에 녹아 있는 칼슘의 양 및 수온 변화에 따른 탄산칼슘의 용해도 등과 관련이 있을 것으로 추정될 뿐이다.

한국의 연근해에서 이 현상이 처음 발견된 것은 1970년대 말이었는데, 이후 발생 빈도가 높아지다가 1990년대 말에는 경상북도 영덕군과 포항·영일만 일대의 동해안으로까지 확산되었다. 이로 인해 갯바위에 분홍색과 흰색을 띤 다양한 무늬의 흰색 물질이 달라붙어 전복·성게류 등 각종 어패류와 해조가 죽어가는 현상이 발생하는 등 동해 연안 저층의 해양 황폐화를 가속시켰다.

전문가들은 이 현상이 자연현상에 따른 것이기 때문에 인위적으로 억제하는 것은 매우 어렵다는 입장을 취하고 있으나, 일반적으로 전세계적인 이상기온과 수온상승, 인공구조물에 의한 조류 소통 방해, 육지의 오염물질 유입 등 지구 환경오염과 관련이 있을 것으로 추정하고 있다.

이걸 영어사전에서 찾아보면

spsholic Reef Article Liverock bleaching, 백화현상

As Previous picture, My tank has many Flatworm. and I hate them. I am looking for the method the safest remove method, but it is not easy. Because when they died, they pull out the toxin.
http://room210.cool.ne.jp/acua/yakkai/hiramushi.htm
There are some kind of chemical weapon.


Flatworm Exit


http://www.drsfostersmith.com/product/p ··· %3D16551

and the introduction of FWE experience
http://www.melevsreef.com/flatworms.html

Blue Life's Flatworm Control
http://blog.marinedepot.com/2008/02/fla ··· lly.html



Levamisol(Levasole) dosing
(it is more powerful than FWExit and cheaper than FWE)
http://www.reefcentral.com/forums/showt ··· D1379099
And Here is my question about this in this post.

1. I have 100gal SPS tank and use zeovit method, zeovit uses bacteria to control nutrient. If I use levasole to kill FWs, It kills bacteria too?

2. What is the proper carbon quantity of 100gal?

3. Waht is the difference between levasole and Salifert FWExit? they has same  ingredient?

4. 1/2 T or 1/2 t to 240ml DI water? T and t is different.

5. I can get levasol in Korea . It is made by Janssen and white power form. Can I use this? We use this medicine for killing Camallanus of FW fish

Thanks to Taka and CF head editor Takuta Murakami, I found the japanese case of Flatworm removal. CF11 p.142-3 is written about the flatworm.

여전히 어떤 것을 사용할 지 고민하고 있다. Flatworm Exit은 많이 알려져 있지만 레바미졸이 더 싸고 효과가 있다고 하니..그러나 검증결과는 그렇게 많은 것이 아니고...

spsholic Reef Article Flatworm, levamisole

Wednesday, June 25, 2008

spsholic Reef Article Crosshatch Triggerfish, Xanthichthys mento